Important Human Body joints

The​​ place​​ of​​ articulation​​ between​​ two or more bones​​ is​​ called a joint.​​ 

  • Joints are of three types​​ —​​ fibrous​​ (immovable; sutures between the bones of skull),​​ cartilaginous​​ (slightly movable; between adjacent vertebrae) and​​ synovial​​ (movable; filled with synovial fluid).​​ 

According to their​​ shapes and the movements​​ they allow, the​​ synovial joints are of six types.​​ 

  • A​​ gliding joint​​ permits only​​ back-and-forth and side-to-side movements​​ e.g., joints found between the​​ carpal bones and tarsal bones.​​ 

  • A​​ hinge joint​​ allows movement​​ primarily in one plane. e.g., elbow, knee, ankle and​​ interphalangeal joints.​​ 

  • A​​ pivot joint​​ also​​ allows movement in only one plane. e.g.,​​ joints between the atlas and axis.​​ 

  • A​​ condyloid or ellipsoid joint​​ allows movement in​​ two planes, back and forth and side-to-side. e.g.,​​ joints between the metacarpals and phalanges.​​ 

  • A​​ saddle joint​​ allows the same movements as an ellipsoid joint, but the movements are free. e.g., joint between the carpal and metacarpal of thumb of the​​ hand.

  • A​​ ball-and-socket joint​​ is the​​ most freely movable of all joints.​​ e.g.,​​ shoulder and hip joints.

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